Research
Explore our library of research products including academic publications, reports on research and outcomes, policy briefs, videos of webinars, animations, and more. Research products are organized by initiative and/or by type, with the most recent items at the top of the list. Search by topic with the search bar at the top of the page.
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February 2025Harm Reduction Street Outreach (HRSO) project: The 2022 - 2024 Final Evaluation ReportThe Harm Reduction Street Outreach (HRSO) pilot project in Indiana, funded by SAMHSA COVID-19 relief and Opioid Settlement Funds, deployed 18 teams statewide from January 2022 to December 2024 to expand access to harm reduction services. Supported by the Division of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHA), the project increased the availability of harm reduction materials and enhanced team knowledge on overdose response, naloxone use, and emerging drug trends. Recommendations for future DMHA funding include supporting comprehensive harm reduction practitioners, enhancing professional development, data management, case management, and expanding full-time employment opportunities.Harm reductionReport -
February 2025Left ventromedial prefrontal cortex inhibitory rTMS as an anti-stress intervention in opioid use disorder: Trial designThis study examines how inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) may impact stress-induced executive dysfunction, emotion dysregulation, and drug-seeking in individuals with opioid use disorder. Using a within-subject randomized crossover design, 24 participants receiving opioid agonist treatment will undergo stress imagery paired with active or sham rTMS. Researchers will assess cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses pre- and post-rTMS, alongside EEG measurements. Findings may provide insights into neural mechanisms underlying substance use disorders and inform neuromodulation-based treatments aimed at reducing craving and relapse risk in affected individuals.Treatment ecosystemsPublication
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January 2025A Comparison of Behavioral Health Crisis Response Models in Meeting Behavioral Health Goals and Improving Criminal Legal DiversionThis study compares the effectiveness of three community mental health crisis response models - co-response, mobile response, and office-based response - and law enforcement-only response in improving behavioral health outcomes and increasing diversion from the criminal legal system. Data from five Michigan sites revealed that mobile response was the most effective in achieving key goals such as crisis resolution, service linkage, and follow-ups, while co-response showed moderate success and law enforcement-only models had limited impact. The findings highlight the importance of specialized crisis response approaches in advancing the goal of SAMHSA to effectively meet behavioral health needs.Crisis responsePublication
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December 2024Winter 2024 NewsletterCBHJ Director Sheryl Kubiak announces the launch of the organization's refreshed mission, vision, and values; Jenny Kimmel joins the CBHJ's AOT initiative; a new endowed research assistant opportunity for students enhances behavioral health; Naloxone vending machines drive increase in overdose prevention in jails; and more.DiversionReentryTreatment ecosystemsYouth justiceHarm reductionCrisis responseWayne County jail/mental health initiativeNewsletter
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December 2024Examining potential extralegal factors leading to out-of-home placement for first-time status offenders in a large urban countyThis study explores the potential disparities in the judicial processing of status offenders within the U.S. juvenile justice system, with a focus on how race, gender, and offense type impact the likelihood of receiving out-of-home placements. Logistic regression models were used to examine first-time offenders from a large urban Midwestern County, with special attention paid to status offenders. The findings reveal that Black status offenders and those charged with incorrigibility are disproportionately subjected to out-of-home placements, despite the typically minor nature of status offenses. These findings necessitate attention to how status offenders move through the juvenile justice system. Implications for practice within the juvenile justice system, policy reforms, and the need for continued scholarly efforts are discussed.Youth justicePublication
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December 2024An examination of Black-White disparities in repeat nonfatal opioid overdose incidents, fatal drug overdose, and all-cause mortality in Detroit, MichiganOverdose deaths among Black men have risen by 38% since 2015, highlighting the need for local data to guide harm reduction efforts. This study linked EMS and vital records data to examine how demographics and repeated nonfatal opioid overdoses (NFOO) influence drug-related and all-cause mortality. Each additional NFOO increased overdose death risk by 17%. Black individuals experienced more NFOOs but were 60% less likely than White individuals to die from overdose, though their all-cause mortality rate was nearly double. Findings emphasize the need for expanded overdose prevention and broader healthcare access to reduce mortality disparities in affected communities.Treatment ecosystemsPublication
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September 2024Naloxone vending machines in county jailThe overdose epidemic in the United States has intensified following the introduction of illicitly manufactured fentanyl to drug markets with recent estimates indicating 110,000 deaths in 2022 and longer-term trends adversely impacting national life expectancy. A period of incarceration has been identified as a critical touchpoint for overdose prevention given its strong association with risk of overdose. This paper describes efforts funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Overdose Data to Action (OD2A) grant to design and implement naloxone vending machines that provide free naloxone within county jails to returning citizens and those visiting county jail facilities.Treatment ecosystemsHarm reductionPublication
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June 2024Mediational pathways among drug use initiation, use-related consequences, and quit attemptsThis study investigated drug use-related consequences as a predictor of drug quit attempts and treatment seeking among two cohorts of persons who use drugs. Results showed that experiencing more drug-specific consequences was associated with increased attempts to quit drugs and a higher likelihood of seeking treatment for drug use. The study found that these consequences fully mediated the relationship between age at initial drug use and the number of quit attempts, highlighting the impact of adverse consequences on attempts to discontinue drug use. These findings underscore the importance of assessing drug-related consequences in treatment planning and intervention strategies for individuals with substance use disorders.Treatment ecosystemsPublication
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June 2024"If everyone knew about this, how many lives could we save?": Do drug suppliers have a role in reducing overdose risk?An unpredictable illicit drug supply is driving high overdose death rates in North America. Prior research underscores the importance of involving people who use drugs in harm reduction, but the inclusion of those who supply drugs is limited. This study explores this by interviewing people targeted by a harm reduction educational program for drug suppliers. Conducted in 2022 in Indianapolis, thematic analysis of six interviews revealed diverse harm reduction strategies practiced by participants. Drug suppliers were identified as key actors in reducing overdose risks, motivated by a moral imperative to protect their communities. Enhancing harm reduction training for suppliers could mitigate drug-related harms.Harm reductionPublication
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March 20242023 Michigan Data LandscapeThis Landscape 2.0 project builds from the first in reporting and updating similar overview data on both adults and youth. However, this report goes further by providing reports on prospective data collection in two areas: 1) Collection of admission/booking data in a dozen jails across the state to assess implementation of legislation associated with the Jail Task Force recommendations; and 2) a review of one county's implementation, and associated outcomes, of a risk/needs screening instrument used with youth who come to the attention of the court. These two chapters not only illustrate this original data, but also lay the groundwork for future and ongoing transformative work across the state.OtherReport
