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Research

Explore our library of research products including academic publications, reports on research and outcomes, policy briefs, videos of webinars, animations, and more. Research products are organized by initiative and/or by type, with the most recent items at the top of the list. Search by topic with the search bar at the top of the page.
 
  • The Sequential Intercept Model displaying the 5 points that individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders may come in contact with throughout the criminal/legal system
    November 2019
    Promising practices for jail diversion across the Sequential Intercept Model
    In partnership with the Michigan Mental Health Diversion Council and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, ten communities across Michigan are conducting jail diversion pilot programs which aim to reduce the number of people with mental illness and/or substance use disorder in the criminal/legal system. This document outlines recommendations for effective jail diversion at each point in the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM), a strategic planning tool to map the criminal/legal system. The document also highlights promising practices happening in communities across Michigan as identified by the Center for Behavioral Health and Justice as the jail diversion evaluators.
    Diversion
    Resource
  • Screenshot of the title slide of the presentation.
    August 2019
    2019 Jail Diversion Pilot Summit
    Hosted by the Mental Health Diversion Council and the Center for Behavioral Health and Justice, this in-person event included a presentation of data findings and a panel discussion of best practices for diversion at each intercept of the Sequential Intercept Model. The event also included a presentation by Lt. Gov. Garlin Gilchrist II.
    Diversion
    Summit
  • Scales of justice and gavel on a wooden courtroom table
    May 2019
    Bridging mental health and criminal justice systems: a systematic review of the impact of mental health courts on individuals and communities
    This systematic review uses specific criteria for what constitutes a mental health court and presents results based on the charge type for the target population. Only experimental or quasi-experimental research designs are included in this review. Studies included involve mental health courts containing essential elements and also included measures of recidivism or other mental health and quality of life-related outcomes. Findings are synthesized by whether the courts served people with felony, misdemeanor or combination charges. The need for international standards or clear guidelines for what components or elements define a mental health court and other policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed.
    Diversion
    Publication
  • The Sequential Intercept Model displaying the 5 points that individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders may come in contact with throughout the criminal/legal system
    April 2019
    Mental Health Across the Criminal Legal Continuum: A Summary of Five Years of Research in Ten Counties
    Sheryl Kubiak, Ph.D., Principal Investigator; Erin Comartin, Ph.D.; Liz Tillander, LMSW; Jessica Best, LLMSW; Heidi Bisson, B.A.; Nanci Hambrick, LLMSW; Lester Kern, M.S.W.; Edita Milanovic, LLMSW; Victoria Nelson, M.A.; Laine Putans, LLMSW; Leonard Swanson, LLMSW
    Diversion
    Report
  • Diagram of The Sequential Intercept Model which displays how individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders move through the criminal/legal system
    April 2019
    Mental health across the criminal/legal continuum: a summary of five years of research in ten counties
    The intent and focus of the Michigan Mental Health Diversion Council (MMHDC) is on diverting individuals with mental health disorders and/or developmental disabilities from the criminal/legal system across the state. The MMHDC systematically organized these activities using the Sequential Intercept Model (SIM) to assess barriers in each of the six intercepts of the criminal/legal system continuum. Since then, the MMHDC has initiated several legislative, programmatic, and evaluative projects. This report summarizes the programs initiated by the MMHDC, as well as the evaluation of those initiatives, including: 1) pilot intervention projects (Phase I); and, 2) improvements of county-wide diversion efforts across all criminal/legal intercepts (Phase II).
    Diversion
    Report
  • The Sequential Intercept Model displaying the 5 points that individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders may come in contact with throughout the criminal/legal system
    February 2019
    Baseline activity across sequential intercepts by diversion pilot programs: using a cohort sample to evaluate diversion. Report on stage 2 activities from March 2017 – April 2018
    Collaborative projects between mental health providers and the criminal legal/system can improve responses to individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) as demonstrated by 10 counties in Michigan that provided over 7,000 jail-based mental health (MH) services over past years. These projects were expanded in 2017 to county-wide efforts to enhance interventions across the Sequential Intercept Model. The first stage of the system evaluation began in March 2017. This stage 2 report provides a ‘baseline’ of how counties functioned as interventions were developing across all intercepts. The primary focus is on system-wide issues that state-level policy might address through the Diversion Council’s efforts. Comparisons between the SMI and Non-SMI populations are provided to illuminate those policy issues.
    Diversion
    Report
  • Close up of the hands of four criminal/legal professionals meeting at a table in a court setting. One individual is pointing to a section of an open book with a pen.
    October 2018
    The effect of systems collaboration on the individual outcomes of mental health court participants: a multi-site study.
    This study focuses on exploring how mental health courts (MHCs) vary in terms of collaboration, which is used to reference the MHC structure and practices of team members unite to create a shared mission and goals. Building on this framework of collaboration, the authors also investigate the impact of MHC collaboration on participant outcomes. A cross-site evaluation of eight MHC within one state was conducted by an independent team of university researchers. The authors also investigate the impact of MHC on participant outcomes. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
    Diversion
    Publication
  • The Sequential Intercept Model displaying the 5 points that individuals with mental health and/or substance use disorders may come in contact with throughout the criminal/legal system
    January 2018
    Mental health jail diversion: using a cohort sample to evaluate diversion across the sequential intercept model. Report on stage 1 statewide May – August 2017
    This report details how individuals who are booked into county jails are identified with serious mental illness (SMI) within the jail and receive mental health services during their jail stay. Standardized screening instruments were collected on a sample of individuals as they were booked into each of the county jails. The screening instrument detected symptoms indicative of SMI, presence of alcohol or drug use disorders and housing stability. Results of current jail processes for identifying SMI were also reviewed and compared with the standardized screening results. The process for providing follow-up referral, assessment and services to those with mental health issues was also assessed.
    Diversion
    Report
  • Magnifying glass hovering over an illustration of a lightbulb on a yellow background. The magnifying glass is surrounded by question marks.
    November 2016
    Mental health court participants and perspectives of success: what key outcomes are we missing?
    This study explores mental health court participant perceptions of how the mental health court impacted them. Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with 26 participants from 2 different mental health courts showed participant identification of four salient successes that they perceived to result from mental health court participation: improved psychiatric stability, sobriety, improved relationships, and increased engagement in life and mental health. While reduced substance use and “staying out of trouble” were seen as successes, participants also reported recovery-oriented outcomes like improved relationships with family, mood stability, increased patience, ability to care about others and greater understanding of mental illness as measures of their success.
    Diversion
    Publication
  • Inside of a courtroom
    April 2016
    Longer-term impacts of mental health courts: recidivism two years after exit
    This publication investigates longer-term mental health court (MHC) impacts and effects beyond provision of treatment and services. Recidivism among MCH participants and MHC-eligible defendants in traditional criminal court (TCC) two years after MHC exit or court disposition were compared. The study uses archival data from the pretrial services agency and MHC judges to assess four measures of recidivism (any rearrest, number of rearrests, any felony arrest and time to rearrest). Reductions in recidivism were observed in all three groups (MHC-participants, MHC-eligible and TCC) from two years before the key arrest to two years after court exit or court disposition. The reduction was greatest among MHC completers, the proportion rearrested was smallest, and the completers had the lowest number of arrests.
    Diversion
    Publication
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